Hundreds of children were sexually abused by predatory foster carers and residential home staff who were allowed to thrive, an inquiry has found.

Nottingham City and Nottinghamshire County councils exposed vulnerable children to repeated rapes and physical abuse, a report said.
The Independent Inquiry into Child Sexual Abuse said sexualised behaviour by staff was “tolerated or overlooked”.
It said it had received about 350 complaints dating back to the 1960s.
In its report, it said this was the biggest number of allegations of child sexual abuse for any of its investigations so far and added the “true scale is likely to be higher”.
The Independent Inquiry into Child Sexual Abuse (IICSA) said the abuse was widespread “for more than five decades” and repeated failures to learn from mistakes exposed more young people to harm.
It also criticised staff at Beechwood Community Home in Mapperley, saying they were “threatening and violent”, with sexualised behaviour towards children “tolerated or overlooked, allowing abusers to thrive”.

Image copyrightNOTTINGHAM POST/BPM MEDIA

What happened?

Children suffered abuse, including repeated rapes, sexual assaults and voyeurism, at many of Nottinghamshire City and County council’s homes as well as in foster care.
One girl who was abused while in foster care was later placed into a children’s home, where she was visited by her abuser.
The inquiry found in one home inspected in the early 1990s “all children resident over a 12-month period were found to have been exposed to harmful sexual behaviour”.
From the late 1970s to this year, 16 residential staff and 10 foster carers were convicted of sexual abuse of children in their care.
The IICSA panel heard 15 days of evidence from 115 witnesses at public hearings in London and Nottingham in October.

Who is to blame?

The IICSA said some foster carers were allowed to carry on looking after vulnerable children even when they were “known perpetrators”, including some who “then went on to abuse children again”.
It said there was “too much willingness on the part of council staff to take the side of the foster carers and to disbelieve the child”.
The report found only two disciplinary actions were taken when allegations of sexual abuse were made at Beechwood, both of which “were inadequate”.

Image copyrightNOTTINGHAM POST/BPM MEDIA

County councillors looking after the oversight of children “did not question the scale of sexual abuse or what action was being taken”, which the inquiry said was a “serious failure of scrutiny and governance”.
John O’Brien, secretary to the inquiry, said the Nottinghamshire investigation was “in terms of scale, the most shocking we have seen”.
“We’re not talking here about one individual that either blocked or actively participated in the sexual abuse of children, we’re just talking about a regime that over many years just didn’t recognise what they needed to do to protect children.”
Nottinghamshire Police was also criticised by the inquiry, which said the force’s initial investigation into allegations was “not adequately resourced” and complaints were not dealt with “sufficient seriousness”.

What do the victims say?

People who were abused as children over the five decades have called for changes at the councils.
Claire Blake, who has waived her right to anonymity, was abused at Beechwood in the late 1980s and early 1990s.
She said: “I’m still suffering now and I’m 42. I didn’t even have respect for myself, never mind anyone else, I just existed.”
She said seeing the councils “finally start acknowledging” abuse was a positive step, but said fellow survivors want to see authorities start protecting children.
“I think the people that were in charge need to be held accountable,” she added.
“They knew, and they hid it, and I think people need to be held responsible.”

• ‘I can’t believe the evil that happened there’
• Two councils pay £3m to child abuse victims
• Latest news and stories from the East Midlands

Another victim Caroline Nolan said she “withdrew within myself” because of the abuse.
“As I got older, I had very bad anger issues,” she added.
John Mann, MP for Bassetlaw, said the report showed that “even today those who’ve survived child abuse in the past have not been treated properly or fairly”, and called for authorities across the country to improve.

Have the councils apologised?

The IICSA panel said comments by then city council leader Jon Collins – who was quoted as saying in a meeting last year the authority “will apologise when there is something to apologise for” – were “crass and caused avoidable upset”.
Nottinghamshire County Council made a public apology to victims in January last year, with Nottingham City Council following suit two weeks before the hearings opened.
The report criticised the city council for its “guarded” approach to issuing public apologies for failings, saying the authority was “slow to appreciate the level of distress felt by complainants”.
It recommended that both councils “assess the potential risks posed by current and former foster carers” and ensure carers from external agencies are properly assessed.
It also called for the city council to commission an independent review “of their practice concerning harmful sexual behaviour, including responses, prevention, assessment, intervention and workforce development”.
Current city council leader David Mellen, who gave evidence to the inquiry, said the council acknowledged it had “let some young people down” and should have closed down Beechwood sooner.
“We hope that the changes that we have made can reassure people who have been abused in the past that children are much safer now,” he said.
County council leader Kay Cutts said she was “utterly ashamed” by the abuse, and promised to implement any recommendations made by the report.
“I can’t apologise enough to the survivors and their families,” she said.